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『英语杂谈』 [好文共赏]英美专家倡导的学习词汇的方法(转载)

                                      

英美专家倡导的学习词汇的方法
　　
　　先引用一段文字作为本文的开头：
　　 Learn how to deal with etymology and you will feel comfortable with words－you will use new words with self-assurance－you will be able to figure out thousands of words you hear or read even if you have never heard or seen these words before.
　　That’s why the best approach to new words is through etymology.
　　(引自 NORMAN LEWIS WORD POWER MADE EASY)
　　
　　实际上，打开英语经典词典，读者都可以看到词条的词源说明。我国权威的词典《英汉大词典》(译文出版社出版)也是这样。这同学习中文需要了解汉语的偏旁有着类似的道理与作用。
　　
　　《中高级英语考试词汇捷径》(上海外文书店、上海书城、上海前进进修学院书店有售)就是以英语的词根为主干，以方便记忆为原则编著而成的一本实用词汇书。利用此书，可以了解英语的构词，并在短期内突破绝大部分的GRE、GMAT、TOEFL、New SAT以及中高级口译词汇。
　　
　　 《中高级英语考试词汇捷径》主要内容：Word Power Made Easy全部词汇、Merriam-Webster’s Vocabulary Builder全部词汇，How to Increase Your Word Power 全部词汇。例句主要译自Barron’s How to Prepare for the GRE Test (第14版)和Merriam-Webster’s Vocabulary Builder，95％以上例句与所有其他的双解词典不同。
　　
　　利用构词法(以及联想法)快速突破英语词汇(1)
　　
　　CID, CIS = to cut; to kill 切，割，刻；杀 CIDE = killing; killer 杀；杀者；杀灭剂
　　
　　homicide n. (homi- = man) (1) the killing of one human being by another 杀人 (2) a person who kills another; murderer 杀人者 homicidal adj.
　　
　　fratricide n. (fratri- = brother) (1) the act of killing one’s own brother 杀害亲兄弟的行为 (2) a person who kills his own brother 杀害亲兄弟的人 fratricidal adj.
　　
　　sororicide n. (sorori- = sister) (1) the act of killing one’s own sister 杀害亲姐妹的行为 (2) a person who kills his own sister 杀害亲姐妹的人 sororicidal adj.
　　
　　matricide n. (matri- = mother) the act of killing one’s mother 杀母(罪) A crime such as matricide is inconceivable. 象杀母这样的罪行实属不可思议。 (2) a person who kills his mother 杀母者 matricidal adj.
　　
　　patricide n. (patri- = father) (1) the act of killing one’s father 杀父(罪) (2) a person who kills his father 杀父者 patricidal adj.
　　
　　parricide n. (parri- = kinsman) the act of killing one’s parent, someone having a similar relationship, or a close relative 杀父(或母)；杀尊长罪；杀亲罪 parricidal adj.
　　
　　mariticide n. (1) the act of killing one’s husband 杀夫 (2) a person who does this 杀夫的人
　　
　　uxoricide n. (1) the act of murdering one’s wife 杀妻 (2) one who murders his wife 杀妻者 uxoricidal adj.
　　 uxorious adj. excessively devoted to one’s wife 溺爱妻子的 His friends laughed at him because he was so uxorious and submissive to his wife’s desires. 他的朋友们嘲笑他，因为他溺爱妻子到了百依百顺的程度。
　　
　　feticide n. the killing of a fetus; illegal abortion 杀胎；非法堕胎 feticidal adj.
　　
　　aborticide n. destruction of the embryo or fetus in the womb 堕胎
　　
　　infanticide n. (1) the act of killing an infant 杀害婴儿 (2) a person who kills an infant 杀婴者
　　
　　regicide n. (1) murder of a king or queen 弑君 (2) a person who murders a king or queen 弑君者 The beheading of Mary Queen of Scots was an act of regicide. 把苏格兰女王玛丽斩首是弑君行为。
　　
　　genocide n. the systematic killing of a whole race or nation 种族灭绝
　　
　　suicide n. (1) the act of killing oneself intentionally 自杀 (2) a person who commits suicide 自杀者 suicidal adj.
　　
　　herbicide n. any chemical substance used to destroy plants, esp. weeds, or to check their growth 灭草剂
　　
　　insecticide n. a substance used to kill insects 杀虫剂
　　
　　pesticide n. a chemical used to kill pests, esp. insects and rodents 杀虫剂；农药
　　
　　germicide n. any antiseptic, etc. used to destroy germs 杀菌剂
　　
　　fungicide n. any substance that kills fungi or their spores 杀真菌剂
　　
　　ecocide n. (eco- = environment or habitat) the destruction of the environment or of ecosystems, as by the use of defoliants or the emissions of pollutants 生态灭绝
　　
　　incise v. (in- into + cis- to cut ®) to cut into 切，切入；刻，雕刻
　　incision n. a cutting into, esp. for surgical purposes 切开；【医】 切口
　　incisive adj. cutting; sharp 尖锐的；敏锐的 His incisive remarks made us see the fallacy in our plans. 他尖锐的评论使我们看到我们计划中的谬误之处。
　　 incisiveness n.
　　incisor n. front (cutting) tooth 切牙，门牙
　　
　　excise v. (ex- = out) to cut away; cut out 切除，割去；删除 When you excise the dead and dying limbs of a tree, you not only improve its appearance but also enhance its chances of bearing fruit. 你把树的枯死和正在枯死的枝条剪除后，不仅使树的外表有所改观，而且更易使树结出果实。
　　excision n. 切除，割去；被切除物；删除的部分
　　
　　concise adj. brief and compact 简洁的，简要的 When you define a new word, be concise: the shorter the definition, the easier it is to remember. 给新词定义，务须简洁： 定义越短，则越易记住。
　　concision n. concise quality; conciseness 简洁；简要
　　
　　precise adj. exact 确切的；精确的 If you don’t give me precise directions and a map, I’ll never find your place. 如果你不给我确切的指示和一张地图，我是永远找不到你的地方的。 precision n.
　　
　　
　　《中高级英语考试词汇捷径》(上海外文书店、上海书城、上海前进进修学院书店有售)
　　
　　利用构词法(以及联想法)快速突破英语词汇(2)
　　
　　
　　GAM = marriage 结婚；结合
　　
　　monogamy n. (mono- one; single + gam- marriage ) the practice of having only one wife or husband at a time 一夫一妻制 Monogamy is the type of marriage prevailing in most civilized countries. 大多数文明国家实行一夫一妻制。
　　monogamist n. (主张或实行)一夫一妻制者
　　monogamous adj. 一夫一妻制的
　　
　　bigamy n. (bi- = twice; doubly; two) marrying another person while one still has a legal, living husband or wife 重婚(罪)
　　bigamist n. 犯重婚罪的人；重婚的人
　　bigamous adj. 犯重婚罪的；重婚的
　　
　　polygamy n. (poly- = many) the practice of having more than one wife or husband at a time; plural marriage 多配偶(制)
　　polygamist n. one who has more than one spouse at a time 多配偶的人 He was arrested as a polygamist when his two wives filed complaints about him. 在他的两个妻子对他提出控告之后，他因一夫多妻而遭逮捕。
　　polygamous adj. 多配偶(制)的
　　
　　endogamy n. (endo- = within) marriage within a specific tribe or similar social unit 同族结婚 endogamous adj.
　　
　　exogamy n. (exo- = outside) marriage outside a specific tribe or similar social unit 异族结婚 exogamous adj.
　　
　　misogamy n. hatred of marriage 厌婚症 He remained a bachelor not because of misogamy but because of ill fate: his fiancée died before the wedding. 他打光棍不是因为讨厌结婚而是因为命运不好：他的未婚妻在婚礼之前死了。misogamist n. 厌婚者
　　

【作者: 水木风华】【访问统计:】【2006年05月1日 星期一 00:14】【 加入博采】【打印】